''Kelletia'' is a
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nom ...
of large
sea snails, whelks, a
marine gastropod molluscs in the
family
Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...
Austrosiphonidae, the true whelks.
[Bouchet, P.; Fraussen, K. (2015). Kelletia Bayle in P. Fischer, 1884. In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=490535 on 2016-07-07]
Distribution
One extant species ''
Kelletia lischkei'' occurs in the
Sea of Japan
The Sea of Japan is the marginal sea between the Japanese archipelago, Sakhalin, the Korean Peninsula, and the mainland of the Russian Far East. The Japanese archipelago separates the sea from the Pacific Ocean. Like the Mediterranean Sea, i ...
off the coasts of Japan and
South Korea
South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a country in East Asia, constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and sharing a land border with North Korea. Its western border is formed by the Yellow Sea, while its eas ...
, and another ''
K. kelletii'' is found of along the coasts of
California
California is a state in the Western United States, located along the Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the most populous U.S. state and the 3rd largest by area. It is also the m ...
, United States and in the
Baja California
Baja California (; 'Lower California'), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Baja California ( es, Estado Libre y Soberano de Baja California), is a state in Mexico. It is the northernmost and westernmost of the 32 federal entities of Mex ...
, Mexico.
Fossil species are documented in Japan,
[Ogasawara, K. 2002. Cenozoic Gastropoda. In: Ikeya, N., Hirano, H., Ogasawara, K. eds. The database of Japanese fossil type specimens described during the 20th Century (Part 2). Palaeontological Society of Japan, Special Paper 40. University of Tokyo, Tokyo.] California,
[Hertlein, L.G. 1970. A new species of fossil ''Kelletia'' (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from the Lomita Marl, Late Cenozoic of San Pedro, California. Contributions in Science 190, 1 - 8.][Arnold, R. 1910. Paleontology of the Coalinga District, Fresno and Kings counties, California. United States Geological Survey Bulletin 396][Addicott, W.O. 1970. Miocene gastropods and biostratigraphy of the Kern River Area, California. Geological Survey Professional Paper 642. United States Printing Office, Washington][Anderson, F.M., Martin, B. 1914. Neocene Record in the Temblor Basin, California, and Neocene deposits of San Juan distinct, San Luis Obispo County. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 4, 15 - 122.][Kanakoff, G.P.. 1954. A new ''Kelletia'' from the Pliocene of California. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 52, 114 - 117.] and
Ecuador
Ecuador ( ; ; Quechua: ''Ikwayur''; Shuar: ''Ecuador'' or ''Ekuatur''), officially the Republic of Ecuador ( es, República del Ecuador, which literally translates as "Republic of the Equator"; Quechua: ''Ikwadur Ripuwlika''; Shuar: ' ...
.
[Olsson, A.A., 1964. Neogene mollusks from northwestern Ecuador. Palaeontological Research Institution, Ithaca, New York, USA, 256.]
Evolution
A molecular
phylogeny
A phylogenetic tree (also phylogeny or evolutionary tree Felsenstein J. (2004). ''Inferring Phylogenies'' Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, MA.) is a branching diagram or a tree showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological spe ...
of
Buccinidae
The Buccinidae are a very large and diverse taxonomic family of large sea snails, often known as whelks or true whelks.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2010). Buccinidae. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Acc ...
based on the
mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene suggested that ''Kelletia'' is a closely related to ''
Penion
''Penion'' is a genus of large marine (ocean), marine snails, commonly known as siphon whelks, classified within the mollusc family (biology), family Austrosiphonidae, the true whelks.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Penion P. Fischer, 188 ...
'', a true whelk genus with extant species distributed in waters off of New Zealand and Australia.
Results of a further molecular phylogenetic studies using
mitochondrial genomic and nuclear
ribosomal DNA
Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) is a DNA sequence that codes for ribosomal RNA. These sequences regulate transcription initiation and amplification, and contain both transcribed and non-transcribed spacer segments.
In the human genome there are 5 chromo ...
sequence data re-affirmed this relationship, and also demonstrated that ''Kelletia'' and ''
Antarctoneptunea'' found in the southern Pacific and Southern oceans are
sister clades
In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree.
Definition
The expression is most easily illustrated by a cladogram:
Taxon A and t ...
.
The common ancestor of the three genera most likely evolved in the southern Pacific Ocean, and a lineage leading to ''Kelletia'' dispersed over millions of years up the western coast of the Americas into the northern Pacific Ocean.
Radulae and opercula morphology is similar between ''Penion'' and ''Kelletia''.
Species
Extant Species
Fossils
*
† ''
Kelletia brevis''
(Ozaki, 1954)
*
† ''
Kelletia ecuadoriana''
(Olsson, 1964)
*
† ''
Kelletia kanakoffi''
(Hertlein, 1970)
*
† ''
Kelletia kettlemanensis''
(Arnold, 1910)
*
† ''
Kelletia lorata''
(Addicott, 1970)
*
† ''
Kelletia posoensis''
(Anderson & Martin, 1914)
*
† ''
Kelletia rugosa''
(Olsson, 1964)
*
† ''
Kelletia vladimiri''
(Kanakoff, 1954)
References
External links
World Register of Marine Species: ''Kelletia'' Bayle in P. Fischer, 1884Fossilworks Database ''Kelletia'' Fischer 1884 (true whelk)
{{Taxonbar, from=Q6385701
Austrosiphonidae